Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Informacje ogólne 2.wiązka 3.Magnes 4.Detektory a) 0 b)Traker i.FGD ii.TPC c)SMRD i.W spillu ii.Poza spillem iii.SMRD a sprawa polska 5.Detektory fotonów 6.Informacja z detektorów fotonów 7.Kalendarz prac ND280 – guided tour –

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik The neutrino spectrum at the far detector is estimated by correcting the neutrino spectrum measured at the near detector by an extrapolation function obtained from the beam Monte Carlo simulation(far/near ratio). The goal of the ND280 detector is to measure the neutrino ( and e) spectra and to study the neutrino cross sections to predict the response at the far detector. Podstawowe wiadomości: Po co

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Podstawowe wiadomości: Po co SuperK e background < 10% νμ event normalisation < 5% Energy scale <2% non-QE/CCQE at 5-10% Beam linear distortion < 20% Width < 10% e appearance measurement in SK The energy scale in the near detector is set by the Magnet-TPC spectrometer system. (B mapping better than 1%). The event normalization and the spectrum shape (linear distortion and width of the spectrum) measurement will be done by measuring the CCQE events Po co czyli Near detector tasks :

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Podstawowe wiadomości: Jak Wiązka 30 (?) GeV protony na tarczy C Moc wiązki Struktura czasowa Kat – wiązka neutrin z wiązka pierwotnych protonów - off axis Magnes Rozmontowany, do transportu z CERNu. Montowany w Japonii i elementy spuszczane do studni -23m Detektor montowany w Studni ex magnesie UA1, Jak czyli informacje Techniczne: Trudno jest podać końcowe liczby, bo w rożnych okresach będą różne.

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Podstawowe wiadomości: Gdzie W studni będzie ciasno..

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Jarzmo 8*2 moduły C, 55 t / moduł The total weight of the yoke is 850 tons. The external dimensions of the magnet are 7.6m(L)x6.1m(H)x5.6m(W). Dipol 0.2 T. Geometria; Jarzmo otwarteStruktura jarzma C Magnes zamknięty C is segmented in 12 azimuthal sections. Each section is made of 16 iron plates 5 cm thick, with 1.7 cm air gap between plates. MAGNES 6.1m

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Jarzmo magnesu, pole prostopadłe do beamu i grawitacji 0.2T Z góryzłożony Pole B beam MAGNES 7.6m

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik MAGNES Dla lepszego wyobrażenia..

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik No fragile each 55 tons (normal truck <30 tons) total 848 tons, overall dimensions each 3x1x6.5 m3 No special box or protection are foreseen. The only protection will be a cover against rain Detail to be defined with the Shipping Company based on their preferred shipping configuration and proposed container. Shipping configurations proposed by Company have to be verified Orientation during transport and storing Orientation during lowering in the pit I jego transport do Japonii MAGNES

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Montaż modułów jarzma Test insertion of dummy modules and adjustment possibilities under discussion conceptual installation scheme for electronics exists engineering design on hold until decision on reinforcement bar SMRD cooling system Alignement - względne ustawienie modułów jarzma Wiemy że alignement z dokładnością +-1mm powinno być wystarczajace dla montazu liczników SMRD, ale jak wyjdzie? Require good alignment (see Andres presentation) Chłodzenie SMRD cooling system only required if coils are not chilled Magda Posiadała Tadeusz Kozłowski MHS MAGNES Ustawienie w studni i alignement, chłodzenie

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Nie pokazuje struktury mechanicznej (basket) na której wiszą. 0 detector Kalorymetr elektromagnetyczny Traker TPC Time Projection Chamber FGD Fine Graine Detector SMRD - Side Muon Range Detector DETEKTORY

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik BASKET struktura mechaniczna (basket) na której wiszą detektory.

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik ECAL DS DS ECAL comprises 1 module containing:- 33 Pb layers 34 scint. Layers Total number of Scintillator bars = Dimensions:- 2.3m x 2.3m x 0.5m. Each module will have a carbon fibre face panel front and back with structurally stiff aluminium sides. Weight of modules ~ 5.3 tonnes

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik DS ECAL design completed and reviewed Materials ordered Labs and devices (scanners, moving, etc) ~ready Production lab at Lancaster ready Layers construction in January-March 2008 Module assembly and QA in April-June MPPC installation in August Cosmics runs starting in September CERN test-beam in Spring 2009 Installation at Tokai in ECAL DS DS ECAL

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik The P0D is a solid scintillator strip detector using water to provide a large oxygen content It is based on the K2K SciBar experience and the MINERvA design. The P0D target is constructed of water layers between X-Y scintillator modules which provide the charged particle tracking. The scintillator modules are constructed with 10% lead by mass so it has a high probability of creating an electromagnetic shower. The P0D has a total target mass of approximately 15 tons and a fiducial mass of approximately 5 tons. The primary physics goal of the P0D is to measure neutral current p0 events produced in a water target within the expected momentum T2K ne appearance signal. 0

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Light generated by passing particles in the scintillator bars is collected by a 1mm diameter Y-11 Wavelength Shifting Fiber (WLS) threaded axially through the bars. The light is collected by a photo sensor at one end of the bar. The photo sensor is housed in an optical connector which screws to the frame as shown The far end of the fiber is polished and mirrored, and terminates at the far end of the scintillating bar. Mieli kłopoty… 0

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Super-PØDules Upstream ECAL (3200 kg) 7 PØDules 7 4mm-thick lead radiators Target (11000 kg) kg water 26 PØDules mm brass radiators 25 Water target layers Split into 2 sub-units for pre-installation handling Central ECAL (3200 kg) 7 PØDules 7 4mm-thick lead radiators Total Mass is kg kg water 0

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Construction Status Schedule is Tight Designs and prototypes for all subsystems moving forward Component production begins early 2008 Assembly begins May/June 2008 Ready for shipment in January 2009 Allows a 3 month contingency Component purchases have begun Trip-T ASIC fabrication order being tendered Photosensors Several dozen in Feb, 500/week starting in April (~11500 total) To be tendered shortly Scintillator Production (3000 bars on hand) Fiber, &c 0 Wydaje się że sa to plany na 2008

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik TRACKER The first role for the tracker is to isolate a clean sample of CCQE events. In order to do that, both the proton (mostly in the FGD) and the muon track need to be reconstructed. Detecting the recoil proton allows to select a high purity CCQE sample.

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Tracker consists of 3 TPCs 2 FGD modules, The FGDs are thin enough (< 30 cm) that most of the penetrating particles produced in neutrino interactions, especially muons, will reach the TPCs where their momenta and charges will be measured by their bending in the magnetic field. The ND280 detector will contain two massive fine-grained detectors (FGDs), which provide the target mass for neutrino interactions as well as tracking of charged particles coming from the interaction vertex. The FGDs form part of the ND280's tracker. Its primary function is to measure the neutrino beam's flux, energy spectrum, and flavor composition by observing charged current neutrino interactions. TRACKER FGD

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Light produced in scintillator bar is readout using a wavelength shifting (WLS) fibre coupled to MPPC. XY Modulle Construction Each module consists of an X layer, a Y layer and two G10 skins. currently 20 of 24 modules glued Considerable R/D was done for module gluing procedure. Metal jig was constructed to ensure that X and Y layers were aligned and perpendicular. light injection with LEDs on every channel - analog sum trigger Second FGD is composed of water layers interleaved with scintillator. Must measure CCQE cross-section on water, since SuperK is water-based detector. TRACKER FGD FGD provides target mass for tracker (2 x ~1 tonne) dimensions: ~2m x ~2m x ~30cm one all-plastic FGD, one plastic with 6 x 2.5cm water panels FGD

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Scintillator bars The number of bars needed for the plastic FGD is 192*30=5760 the water-rich FGD 192*14=2688 bars. The total number of bars is ~ The geometrical specications of each bar Length (z dimension) = mm Outside x and y dimensions =9.6 mm TiO2 thickness=0.25 mm, (co-extruded bar coating) Active dimensions=9.1 mm Hole diameter= mm TRACKER FGD February 2008: start of photosensor delivery February-April 2008: stringing of XY modules and mounting of photosensors May 2008: start FGD commissioning Summer 2008-Winter 2009: beam tests, calibration shakedown Summer 2009: ship to Tokai Plany:

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik TRACKER TPC The proton momentum is soft so that some will stop before entering the TPC volume. The TPC will also provide further information useful to study events with additional pion tracks. The CCQE represents 40% of the total neutrino cross- section at these energies and the TPC will provide 3-D information on the event, this classication is expected to be relatively straightforward. It will also be important to distinguish the products from neutrino interactions inside the fiducial volume of the near detector from other beam related activity. In particular, neutrino interactions in the magnet iron will produce many charged particles that will enter the fiducial volume. The excellent 3D granularity of TPCs will allow these to be distinguished more easily than in a projective 2D tracker.

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik TRACKER TPC The geometry of the TPC follows from the constraints given the UA1 magnet. Three TPCs are needed in order to measure the momenta of particles originating from the two FGD targets. The outer dimensions of each module are roughly 2.5 m 2.5 m in the plane perpendicular to the neutrino beam direction, and 1.0 m along the beam direction. The transverse dimension is chosen to provide space between the inner wall of the magnet and the TPC modules for electromagnetic calorimeter and for a mechanical support cage. The dimension along the beam direction is chosen to achieve the required momentum resolution, including the necessary inactive elements. The upstream TPC will measure backscattered particles from the upstream FGD as well as high momentum muons exiting the P0D in the forward direction. Geometria

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Several parts have been machined (oversized) on the router final machining to final size to be done once router calibration is under control outer panels: need final machining Ar-CF4-iC4H10 Purifier design from ALICE TRACKER TPC Operation is considered at an electric field around 200 V/cm, the cathode being at a potential of 25 kV. inner panels: under construction endplate: under construction cathode, module frame: not started service spacer: in machine shop service covers: under construction

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik First tracks with AFTER based FEE TRACKER TPC

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik The ECAL consists of lead-scintillator sandwich sampling calorimeter modules located around the ND280 inner detectors on all four sides and at the downstream end of the magnet. Barrel ECAL The Electromagnetic Calorimeter comprises two sections. The Tracker ECAL (TECAL) surrounds the FGDs and TPCs. The main purpose of the Tracker ECAL is to aid the Tracker in fully reconstructing neutrino interactions It detects, reconstructs, and identies particles leaving the tracking volume. The TECAL is also important for the energy measurement of electrons from beam ne. The P0D ECAL (gamma / muon tagger) is a simpler device which helps to positively identify photons and muons escaping the P0D. Both ECAL sections tag interactions occurring outside the inner detectors, which produce event signatures that can resemble those of signal neutrino interactions in the ducial volumes of the inner detectors. The good cluster and MIP reconstruction capabilities of the ECALs, will allow satisfactory background rejection to be performed. Ale chyba nie będzie działał w 2009r.

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik SMRD The principal tasks for the side muon range detector (SMRD) are to (1)measure muon momenta and angle for CC-QE reactions to help determine the neutrino energy, (2) identify backgrounds from beam neutrino interactions in the iron yokes, and in the cavity walls surrounding the detector, and (3)trigger on through going cosmic ray muons for calibration purposes of the inner detector components. Te miony z oddziaływań CC neutrin z wiązki powinien widzieć SMRD Poza czasem spillu W czasie spillu

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik counter (0.7x17x87 cm) Scintillator thickness: 7.0 mm Groove depth: 2.5 mm L.Y. = 19.6 ±0.6 p.e. (19 Mar. 2007) L.Y. = 18.8 ±0.6 p.e. (10 Sept. 2007) [readout with MRS-APD at INR] Confirmed by test at LSU Light yield for SMRD prototype scintillator slab can be readout with 99.5% detection efficiency if average L.y.=15p.e./MIP. Tu dochodzą obejmy, w które wsuwane są MPPC – odczyt światła z 2 końców fibra. Liczniki są wsunięte w szczeliny w jarzmie. SMRD Rogi nie są wypełnione

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Bardzo skomplikowana obejma scyntylatorów, ale czy można mniej? SMRD Od jakości względnego ustawienia C w studni zależy jak dobrze da się wypełnić szczeliny w jarzmie licznikami. Planowana jest łapka do ew. wymiany uszkodzonych detektorów odczytu. Chyba nie możliwości wymiany uszkodzonych scyntylatorów.

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik SMRD w spillu Top / bottom Left / (right) Liczba i rozmieszczenie liczników w szczelinach jarzma magnesu Paweł Przewłocki Rozmieszczenie modułów wynika z 1.Wpływu materiału cewki na pęd widocznych w SMRD mionów 2.Charakterystyk kątowych mionów z oddziaływań CC Liczba scyntylatorów Zamówienie 2000 szt. Problemem nie jest szerokość szczelin w modułach C (~17mm) w które mają wejść liczniki (~8mm). Jest względne ustawienie modułów C, ponieważ liczniki będą wsuwane w jarzmo PO złożeniu magnesu w studni.

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Odległość spill – spill 3.53 s (0.3 Hz) 2.Spill początek – koniec 5.17 s 3.W spillu 15 bunchy 60ns, odległość 270 ns (całkowanie+reset) 4.Po spillu jeszcze 8 bunchy (2.8 s) 5.Czas czytania 15+8 bunchy = 74 s 6.Wtedy przełączenie na tryger kosmiczny WIĄZKA spill start stop Struktura czasowa wiązki i elektroniki Czas na tryger kosmiczny (kalibrację) = 3.53s – ( )*10 -6 s = ~3.53s

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik SMRD poza spillem Wieża - Segment w x, y, z Na zebraniu w KEK była dyskusja o trygerze, może skomentuje ktoś z jej uczestników? Symulacja trygera Detektory Wewnętrzne ND280 SMRD jako tryger – GEOMETRIA Widok w x-y Piotr Mijakowski & Karol Strykowski muon

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik SMRD Production Responsibilities 1) Scintillator size and tolerances have been fixed: Poziom: 7 x 167 x 875 mm Pion: 7 x 175 x 875 mm 2) Scintillator production (+ chemical reflector):Preparation of Production in Progress at Uniplast (Rosja) 1000 detectors now 1000 detectors by end of ) Groove milling (INR) 4) QA of WLS fibers and scintillators, gluing (INR) 5) Endcap + optical connector: Production of Mold has started (Softtouch,US) 6) Assembly + packaging (INR) 7) Photosensor tests at INR, LSU, Warsaw 8) Slow Control (LSU,Warsaw) 9) Electronics testing (UPitt) 10) Cooling if needed (Cracow) SMRD cooling system only required if coils are not chilled ! SMRD a sprawa polska Krzysztof Zaremba Robert Sulej ~4000 MPPC

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Detektor światła – liczy fotony z WLS Multi Pixel Photon Counter ND280: ~70000 WLS fiber readout channels. # pixels 400 Active area mm 2 Gain ~10 6 Minimum PDE 12% Bias voltage V Dark rate 1MHz (th = 0.5 p.e.) Pulse width 50 ns Life time, stability very good Photosensor tests at Kyoto INR LSU, CSU TRIUMF Sheffield, Warwick, MPPC: 1.0x1.0 mm2 400 pixels 1.3x1.3 mm2 667 pixels szt dla ND280 Producent Hamamatsu Main parameters: PDE, dark rate, gain, cross-talk are measured All MPPC parameters are stable within 5% accuracy after heat test HPK will provide simple tests 2 parameters: - Operating bias voltage at 25 o C for gain 7.5x Dark rate at operating bias voltage MPPC Wymagania: także Politechnika Warszawska (KZ, RS) Działa w polu magnetycznym!!

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Uwagi dot. MPPC Bardzo nowy detektor – pojawił się w katalogach Hamamatsu na wiosnę Pierwsze zastosowanie w tej skali (~ kanalów) MPPC w eksperymencie 5.- tego wyboru a)SMRD nie potrzebuje tak dużej liczby pikseli b)Efektywność rejestracji fotonu maleje ze wzrostem liczby pikseli c)Ten model MPPC nie figuruje w katalogach Hamamatsu z lata 2007 MPPC 2.MPPC są bardzo czułe na zmiany temperatury a)Wzmocnienie maleje ze wzrostem temperatury b)Liczba afterpulsów rośnie ze wzrostem temperatury 3.Decyzja o zastosowaniu MPPC z liczbą pikseli = tego wyboru a)Łatwiej jest zrobić alignement f MPPC 1.3 mm, WSL 1.mm b)Wspólny i standardowy dla całego ND280

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik ALE…. MPPC

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik analogue pipeline Szybki sygnał 0/1 powyżej zadanego progu Zasilanie globalne (~70V) HV trim dobrane dla pojedynczego MPPC (~0-5 V) MPPC 2 kanały TRIPt /MPPC: o dużej i małej amplitudzie MPPCKabelZasilanieTRIPt 2kanały / MPPC MPPC informacja

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik chip TRIgger and Pipeline with Timing *) Inputs of the TRIP-t are the analog pulses from the fibers after amplification by the MPPC. digital timing inputs to control e.g. the time window over which the system should be sensitive to pulses. Outputs of the TRIP-t are (1)a digital signal to use for triggering; (2) an analog pulse (~1V) that is proportional to the amplitude of the input from the MPPC, called the A-pulse; (3) an analog pulse (~1V) that is proportional to the time between the firing of the discriminator and the closing of the time-gate, called the t-pulse. The chip contains an analog pipeline just before the final output drivers. The A-pulse and t-pulse outputs are stored in analog pipelines Outputs to form trigger signals are created by discriminators in the front end, and readout quickly through the digital multiplexer. *) TRIPt jest rodem z FERMILAB (D0). W ND280 są zmiany, których przyczyn nie rozumiem. TRIPt

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Beam line construction started Apr ND280 pit construction start Jul UA1 magnet installation Apr Completion of ND280 building Mar Neutrino beam line commissioning Apr ND280 Commissioning Oct Kalendarz prac w Japonii Magnes instalacja zamknięty / włączony oraz od SMRD Instalacja góra – dół 02– lewo – prawo 07– Chłodzenie ND280 Schedule(NEW) ( Simplified version )ND280 Schedule(NEW) ( Simplified version ) (Uploaded on 2007-Mar-22) T2K Physics run Nov

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Spill Structure 15 batches charge integrated in batches Bunch Structure Spill Structure 58ns 260ns 58ns 260ns 58ns 260ns 58ns 260ns 58ns 260ns 58ns 260ns 58ns 260ns 58ns 3.53s 5.17µs integrationreset Chip Time Structure

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik preamp very simplified – neglecting features not relevant to ND280 operation integrate/reset gain = 1 or 4 gain adjust 1,2,3,…8 x10 V th analogue pipeline disc. O/P Q in discriminator 1pF 3pF reset TRIP-t Front-end architecture only preamp gain affects signal feeding discriminator – no fine control (x1 or x4) discriminator threshold V th –common to all channels on chip analogue bias settings –gain, V th, etc. –programmable via serial interface

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik x10 1pF reset V th disc. O/P analogue pipeline Q in ~ 1V dynamic range available at preamp O/P ~ similar voltage range at x10 amp O/P ~ similar disc. thresh. voltage adjustment range single tript channel Gain Considerations SiPM –gain = 5 x 10 5 and N pe < V CMOS –dynamic ranges of internal circuits ~ 1V implications for discriminator threshold range –0 – 5 p.e. adjustment range then 5 p.e. 1V at x10 O/P –1V 50 p.e. at preamp O/P –high gain channel will saturate at ~ 50 p.e. effective threshold spread –+/- 0.5 p.e. (measured – see later)

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik k 50V, pF 50V pF 100V pF 100V pF 100V R LV nF LV k LV, 0402 trip-t 10pF 100V, 0603 HVglobal HVtrim(0-5V) cal test pulse coax sheath not DC coupled to GND SiPM 47k 50V, 0402 HVglobal: common to all SiPM channels on TFB HVtrim: individual for each SiPM channel, 5V adjustment range (choice of 8/10/12 bit DAC precision) HVtrim applied to coax sheath – AC but not DC coupled to GND significant no. of passives/channel – need careful, high density layout SiPM TFB Connection

Maria H. SzeptyckaND280 - Guided Tour KRAKÓW październik Trigger Path SiPM disc FE FPGA (TFB) output driver V th amp Trigger FPGA (GTM) m SCINT trigger TPC trigger FE FPGA –channel mask (64ch) –look for trigger primitives N hits in ~100 nsec window tracks –drive output Trigger FPGA –require certain FE FPGA hit pattern