Agriculture under the Europe 2020 Strategy

Prezentacja na temat: "Agriculture under the Europe 2020 Strategy"— Zapis prezentacji:

1 Agriculture under the Europe 2020 Strategy
Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

2 Structure of the lecture
Guidelines for Europe 2020 Strategy Agriculture in the European Union Agriculture and the EU's international policy Agriculture and public goods Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

3 Guidelines for Europe 2020 Strategy
What is Europe 2020 Strategy? New, long-term program of periodic socio-economic development the EU Replaced the Lisbon Strategy implemented since 2000 Globalization necessitates joint action of the European Union countries to exit from the crisis and implement reforms Challenges such as aging of society and growing need for efficient use of resources can be met at the level of cooperation in the European Union Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

4 The three priorities of the Strategy Europe 2020
Smart growth i.e. a development based on science and innovation Sustainable growth i.e. a transformation towards a low carbon economy, effectively using the resources economy and competitive economy Inclusive growth to reinforce economy characterized by high levels of employment and providing economic, social and territorial cohesion Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

5 Five indicators of progress of the Strategy
Achieving the employment rate of 75% Improving the conditions for conducting research and development, including 3% of EU GDP for investment in research and development Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

6 Five indicators of progress of the Strategy
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 20% compared to 1990 levels, an increase of 20% renewable energy in overall energy consumption, efforts to increase energy efficiency by 20% Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

7 Five indicators of progress of the Strategy
Raising the level of education, especially by reducing the percentage of dropout rates to less than 10% and increasing the proportion of people with higher education aged by at least 40% Promoting social inclusion, especially through reduction of poverty, with the aim of rising from poverty or social exclusion 20 million citizens. Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

8 Instruments for implementation of the Strategy
Guiding Initiatives (Flagship Initiatives) prepared by the EC implemented at EU level, Member States, regional and local authorities National Reform Programmes developed by EU Member States to be ready by April 2011 Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

9 Guiding initiatives (flagship initiatives)
Innovation Union –  improvement of the framework conditions for innovation and use of innovation to solve major social and economic problems identified in Europe 2020 Strategy Youth on the Move – improving quality at all levels of education and training as well as increasing the attractiveness of European higher education internationally Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

10 Guiding initiatives (flagship initiatives)
Digital Agenda for Europe – achieving sustainable economic and social benefits of the single market of digital, based on access to broadband Internet Resource efficient Europe – supports the shift towards a resource-efficient, low-carbon economy and the desire to eliminate the dependence of economic growth from environmental degradation Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

11 Guiding initiatives (flagship initiatives)
An Industrial Policy for the Globalisation Era – improving the conditions for entrepreneurship and supporting the development of a strong industrial base, capable to compete on a global scale An agenda for new skills and jobs – creating conditions for modernization of labor markets by facilitating mobility of workers and developing their skills in order to increase employment and ensure the sustainability of European social models Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

12 Guiding initiatives (flagship initiatives)
European platform against poverty – ensuring economic, social and territorial cohesion by helping the poor and excluded people and enabling them to actively participate in economic and social life Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

13 Synergy of the Strategy with the EU initiatives
On January 26th, 2011 European Comission published guiding initiative Resource efficient Europe, which is the instrument for implementation of the Strategy It is essential to use the resources efficiently in European policies on energy, climate change, transport, industry, agriculture, fisheries, biodiversity and regional development Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

14 Synergy of the Strategy with the EU initiatives
By using the effect of synergy between different policies, the initiative is intended to help in achieving the objectives set by the EU, such as long-term goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80-95% by 2050, reforming the agricultural sector and fisheries, increasing food security in developing countries and increasing the EU resistance to the risks connected with global growth in prices of energy, raw materials, goods and services. Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

15 Synergy Strategy - Action Plan
Work out an action plan for the EU low carbon economy by 2050; an action plan for energy sector by 2050; and an action plan for resource efficient Europe Work out a plan for energy efficiency by 2020 and strategy for sustainable competitiveness in the construction sector Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

16 Synergy Strategy - Action Plan
Development of energy infrastructure (including intelligent grid), trans-European transport networks and the adoption of the White Paper on the future of the transport sector Revision of the Directive on excise duty on energy Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

17 Synergy Strategy - Action Plan
Preparation of the proposal to reform the Common Agricultural Policy, Common Fisheries Policy and Cohesion Policy in accordance with the priorities of Europe 2020 Strategy In relation to each of the above mentioned areas, the European Commission will submit concrete proposals for action, which will be monitored within the framework of Europe 2020 Strategy Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

18 Agriculture and international trade
Trade in agricultural products in the EU is responsible for 6% of total trade Declining trend can be observed; for example, in 1995, trade in agricultural products accounted for 9% of total EU trade The source of this trend is the development of trade in industrial products over the past 15 years, which accounts for approximately 150%. At the same time, trade in agricultural products increased by approximately 60% Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

19 Trends in international trade
Source: data from the European Commission website – DG TRADE Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

20 The value of international trade in agricultural products
The annual trade in agricultural products with third countries is approximately 160 billion per year The exchange is balanced, the value of both export and import amounts to around 80 billion euros a year In the past, trade in agricultural products generated a negative balance Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

21 International trade in agricultural products
Enlargement of the European Union for new countries in 2004 resulted in an increase of trade with third countries by about 60% The European Union is currently the world's largest importer and the largest exporter of agricultural products It is connected in particular with the trade exchange with developing countries Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

22 The balance for international trade in agricultural products
Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

23 The balance for international trade in agricultural products
Security and stability of supplying agricultural products were the main reasons for development of the Common Agricultural Policy in the 60's Even today, when trade is balanced, in the area of ​​some products, the EU still imports far more than exports Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

24 The balance for international trade in agricultural products
Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

25 The balance for international trade in agricultural products
The EU is a net importer of most resources. In the area of trade, the deficit is about 25 billion euros. This deficit is generated in particular by oil products, fruits and vegetables The surplus is generated by dairy products. Trade in crops and products connected with farm animals is balanced Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

26 The balance for international trade in agricultural products
The European Union is a net exporter of processed agricultural products. The surplus is about 20 billion euros Import from 10 most important trading partners of the European Union represents more than half of the total agricultural imports. Brazil was responsible for 12 billion euros or 16% of imports. United States accounted for 9% of total imports, while Argentina for 8% Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

27 Lecture, University of Economics
Import of agricultural products to the EU – most important sources of import – countries Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

28 Lecture, University of Economics
Import of agricultural products to the EU– most important sources of import - regions Source: data from the European Commission website – DG AGRI Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

29 Lecture, University of Economics
Export of agricultural products from the EU - most important sources of export - countries More than half of exports from the European Union goes to the 10 most important trading partners The United States is responsible for 19% of total exports from the EU, Russia for 10%, and Switzerland for 7% Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

30 Lecture, University of Economics
Export of agricultural products from the EU– most important sources of export - countries Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

31 Lecture, University of Economics
Export of agricultural products from the EU - most important sources of export - regions Source: data from the European Commission website – DG AGRI Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

32 Structure of imports of agricultural products in the EU
Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

33 Import of agricultural products from developing countries
Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

34 International agreements
Agreement on free trade areas (FTA) with third countries Agreement on Partnership and Cooperation (PCA) Association Agreement Sectoral agreements Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

35 Agreement on free trade areas (FTA) with third countries
Example: South Korea Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

36 Lecture, University of Economics
The most important, recently ongoing negotiations of EU with the third countries: CENTRAL AMERICA ARMENIA, GEORGIA, ASEAN BRAZIL CHINA EUROMED INDIA JAPAN CANADA  SOUTH KOREA ACP COUNTRIES MERCOSUR GCC - Gulf Countries Council RUSSIA UKRAINE ANDEAN COMMUNITY Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

37 European Union Enlargement
Croatia Iceland Macedonia Turkey Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

38 Agriculture and public goods
Multifunctionality of European agriculture The definition of public goods Types of goods provided by agriculture Global Local Awarding for public goods Variants Problems Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

39 Multifunctionality of European agriculture
The Cork Declaration 1996 Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

40 The definition of public goods
According to Paul Samuelson, public goods are goods of the following characteristics: no one is excluded from the benefits arising from their use (no exclusion from consumption) increase in the number of users does not eliminate or reduce the possibilities of using particular goods by all users (they are not competitive in consumption) Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

41 Division of public goods:
Global Local Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

42 Lecture, University of Economics
Global public goods are goods that are universal for all countries, social groups and generations, e.g.: oxygen production carbon sequestration protection of biodiversity protection of water ensuring food safety Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

43 Lecture, University of Economics
Local public goods are goods that are consumed on the local level, e.g.: land protection water erosion, relates to more than 20% of the area of our country protection of water protection of landscape protection of rural heritage creating conditions for leisure and recreation creating jobs in rural areas Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

44 Variants of awarding for public goods
direct assessment of the procured goods and paying for them payment for the use of property rights to resources or factors of production payment for the lost income connected with the supply of public goods related to the environment Covering of the transaction costs Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

45 The objectives of the future CAP
Economic efficiency and competitiveness Food safety Distribution of income Rural public goods Protection of the environment Protection of landscape Food Standards Animal welfare Development of rural areas Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

46 The priorities of Polish presidency ( 1 July 2011 – 31 December 2011)
promotion of investment associated with the development of renewable energy sources in rural areas promotion of activities aimed at increasing energy production from agricultural by-products and residues of agro-food industry efficient use of EU financial resources taking care of public goods - food security and multifunctional development future of the milk and milk products market – abolition of the milk quota in 2015 simplification of the Common Agricultural Policy Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

47 Lecture, University of Economics
The draft report „The CAP towards 2020: meeting the food, natural resources and territorial challenges of the future” - by Albert Dess MEP A wide debate on global budget of Pillar 1 and 2 The idea of sustainable and competitive agriculture Plant and animals welfare Simplification of the future CAP Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

48 Lecture, University of Economics
Direct Payments Not connected with the volume of production Equitable distribution of the budget under Pillar 1 and Pillar 2 between Member States and farmers from each Member State Strategy of farm payment Division of direct payments and individual historical benchmarks Guarantee of basic income for small farms Simplification of the system of direct payment No upper limit Payment for profesionally active farmers Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

49 Lecture, University of Economics
Sustainable management of natural resources and elements of the environment Improved sustainable management of natural resources should be linked to direct payments Any environmental benefits can be efficiently achieved by Member States through the adoption of benefits from Pillar 2 Participation in programs of sustainable development is mandatory for each farmer receiving direct payments Compensation for element of the environment in Pillar 2 is powered from the budget of Pillar 1 Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

50 Cross-compliance and simplification
The system of cross-compliance for all beneficiaries of direct payments Cross-compliance - limited to the control of primary and recognized standards The elimination of disproportionate burdens placed on livestock by the cross-compliance Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

51 Market instruments and safety net
The general market orientation of the CAP should be maintained Further, individually focused on farm, risk management in the facethe of expected environmental risks, climate, risk of epidemics and high price volatility on agricultural markets Providing farmers with national risk management tools Multi-level security network in the event of temporary disruption on the market The extension of private sector insurance schemes The system of export credits The extension of the sugar market reform of 2006 until 2020. The fight against speculation in agricultural commodities Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

52 Lecture, University of Economics
Rural development The abolition of the previous axis of rural development Introducing targeted measures, to be decided by the Member States in the second pillar, to attain priority objectives of the EU (2020 Strategy) The compensatory allowance for disadvantaged areas be retained in the second pillar An optional increase of 25% in national financing in the second pillar (top-up) should be possible Abrupt changes in the allocation of appropriations in the second pillar to be avoided At least 10 percentage points of any national cofinancing should come from public funds Andrzej Grzyb Lecture, University of Economics Poznań, 18 February 2011

53 Wykład na Uniwersytecie Ekonomicznym, Poznań 18 lutego 2011
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54 Wykład na Uniwersytecie Ekonomicznym, Poznań 18 lutego 2011
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55 Wykład na Uniwersytecie Ekonomicznym, Poznań 18 lutego 2011
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56 Wykład na Uniwersytecie Ekonomicznym, Poznań 18 lutego 2011
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57 Wykład na Uniwersytecie Ekonomicznym, Poznań 18 lutego 2011
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58 Wykład na Uniwersytecie Ekonomicznym, Poznań 18 lutego 2011
Sources: Documents of Polish Ministries Ministerstwo Gospodarki RP, Europa efektywnie wykorzystująca zasoby; Ministerstwo Gospodarki RP, Strategia "Europa 2020"; Ministerstwo Gospodarki RP, Umowy UE o strefach wolnego handlu SWH (Free Trade Agreement - FTA) Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi RP, Przygotowania do polskiej Prezydencji w UE; Other sources: Declaration by a Group of Leading Agricultural Economists, A Common Agricultural Policy for European Public Goods 2009, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, How to Feed the World in 2050; Forbes.pl, Rolnictwo na świecie potrzebuje miliardów inwestycji, 28 października 2010; Fundacja Programów Pomocy dla Rolnictwa Sekcja Analiz Ekonomicznych Polityki Rolnej, Koncepcja dóbr publicznych w dyskusji o przyszłości Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej; mgr inż. Andrzej Grzyb Wykład na Uniwersytecie Ekonomicznym, Poznań 18 lutego 2011 58