historical entanglement Jagiellonian University 1364 Collegium Maius at the University since 1400

Physics, brain,... and quantum mechanics INSPYRE, Frascati, 19 February 2016 Paweł Moskal, Jagiellonian University for and on behalf of the J-PET collaboration Supported by Polish National Center for Development and Research and Foundation for Polish Science

Brain morphology Brain metabolism Brain nanostructure

Molekula wody:

Rysunek jest nie w skali, pusta przestrzeń, Kryg, Zakopane, Kraków … Rozmiary, pokaz przenikania na modelu skarpetkowym Molekula wody: - -

Rysunek jest nie w skali, pusta przestrzeń, Kryg, Zakopane, Kraków … Rozmiary, pokaz przenikania na modelu skarpetkowym Molekula wody: - -

Rysunek jest nie w skali, pusta przestrzeń, Kryg, Zakopane, Kraków … Rozmiary, pokaz przenikania na modelu skarpetkowym Molekula wody: -

Rysunek jest nie w skali, pusta przestrzeń, Kryg, Zakopane, Kraków … Rozmiary, pokaz przenikania na modelu skarpetkowym Molekula wody: - -

Czyli już wiemy, że żeby wywołać powstanie światła to musimy jakoś wybic elektron z atomu Np. prąd w drucie Wybija powoduje Takie przeskoki, żarówka, No i ten kryształ …

Brain morphology Brain metabolism Brain nanostructure

Rozmiary, pokaz przenikania na modelu skarpetkowym

.. x z y.. x z y Bo

.. x z y.. x z y

Brain morphology Brain metabolism Brain nanostructure

RADIOACTIVE SUGER Fluoro–deoxy-glucose (F-18 FDG)

OXYGEN 18FLUORINE 18 p + 18 O → 18 F + n

BETA RADIATION 18 F → 18 O + e + + v e

BETA RADIATION 18 F → 18 O + e + + v e

RADIOACTIVE SUGER Fluoro–deoxy-glucose (F-18 FDG)

Rozmiary, pokaz przenikania na modelu skarpetkowym F → 18 O + e + + v e +

Rozmiary, pokaz przenikania na modelu skarpetkowym F → 18 O + e + + v e +

OBRAZ TOMOGRAFICZNY RADIOACTIVE SUGER Fluoro–deoxy-glucose (F-18 FDG) ~ gamma per second 7 mSv PET/CT ~3 mSv natural background in Poland

A B D C X Y

A B D C X Y

Photomultiplier Scintillation crystal Detector of gamma radiation

1 MeV da w krysztale nawet do fotonów A single gamma quantum creates thousands of photons A piece of detector:

Photomultiplier Scintillation crystal Detector of gamma radiation

OBRAZ TOMOGRAFICZNY RADIOACTIVE SUGER Fluoro–deoxy-glucose (F-18 FDG) ~ gamma per second 7 mSv PET/CT ~3 mSv natural background in Poland

ΔxΔx t1 t2 PET-TOF Δx = (t 2 – t 1 ) c / 2 resolution 600ps

40cm/600ps improvement by factor of 4 J. S. Karp et al., J Nucl Med 2008; 49: 462 M. Conti, Physica Medica 2009; 25: 1. signal/background ~ D / ∆t

40cm/70ps improvement by factor of 30 signal / background ~ D / ∆t

RADIOACTIVE SUGER Fluoro–deoxy-glucose (F-18 FDG) Increased glycolysis in tumor cells -Warburg phenomenon time higher glucose metabolism and FDG is trapped in malignant cells.

OBRAZ TOMOGRAFICZNY RADIOACTIVE SUGER Fluoro–deoxy-glucose (F-18 FDG) ~ gamma per second 7 mSv PET/CT ~3 mSv natural background in Poland

Ogólnopolski Konkurs im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie Z opracowania: mgr Ewa Mazepa ??

Absorbed dose J/kg J ≈ eV about electrons kicked out in 1 kg out of ~

Absorbed dose J/kg J ≈ eV about electrons kicked out in 1 kg out of ~

Brain morphology Brain metabolism Brain nanostructure

RADIOACTIVE SUGER Fluoro–deoxy-glucose (F-18 FDG)

Rozmiary, pokaz przenikania na modelu skarpetkowym F → 18 O + e + + v e +

Rozmiary, pokaz przenikania na modelu skarpetkowym - +

Rozmiary, pokaz przenikania na modelu skarpetkowym

GAMMA RADIATION

Rozmiary, pokaz przenikania na modelu skarpetkowym O → 14 N* + e + + v e 14 N + γ

Rozmiary, pokaz przenikania na modelu skarpetkowym O → 14 N* + e + + v e 14 N + γ

P. M., PCT/EP2014/ (2013) A. Gajos, E. Czerwiński, D. Kamińska, P. M., PCT/PL2015/ (2015)

P. M., PCT/EP2014/ (2013) A. Gajos, E. Czerwiński, D. Kamińska, P. M., PCT/PL2015/ (2015)

P. M., PCT/EP2014/ (2013) A. Gajos, E. Czerwiński, D. Kamińska, P. M., PCT/PL2015/ (2015)

R. Pietrzak et al., NUKLEONIKA 58 (2013) 199 The age of mice’s tumour with o-Ps lifetime A.H. Al-Mashhadani et al., Iraqi J. Sci. 42C, 60 (2001) before weeks after radiotherapy weeks after therapy chemotherapy

P. Moskal et al., NIM A 764 (2014) 317. P. Moskal et al., NIM A 775 (2015) 54. L. Raczynski et al., NIM A 764 (2014) 186. L. Raczynski et al., NIMA 786 (2015) International Patent Applications Jagiellonian PET σ(t-hit) = 80 ps It is an open question whether or not the three-photon entanglement can be reduced to the two- photon entanglement and decoherence of the two-photon states does imply decoherence in photon triplets. This hypothesis can be tested by comparison of measured two- and three-photon correlation functions. There exist three-photon states maximizing the GHZ entanglement and they can be used to test quantum local realism versus quantum mechanics.

P. Moskal et al., NIM A 764 (2014) 317. P. Moskal et al., NIM A 775 (2015) 54. L. Raczynski et al., NIM A 764 (2014) 186. L. Raczynski et al., NIMA 786 (2015) International Patent Applications Jagiellonian PET σ(t-hit) = 80 ps It is an open question whether or not the three-photon entanglement can be reduced to the two- photon entanglement and decoherence of the two-photon states does imply decoherence in photon triplets. This hypothesis can be tested by comparison of measured two- and three-photon correlation functions. There exist three-photon states maximizing the GHZ entanglement and they can be used to test quantum local realism versus quantum mechanics.

P. Moskal et al., NIM A 764 (2014) 317. P. Moskal et al., NIM A 775 (2015) 54. L. Raczynski et al., NIM A 764 (2014) 186. L. Raczynski et al., NIMA 786 (2015) International Patent Applications Jagiellonian PET + - σ(t-hit) = 80 ps It is an open question whether or not the three-photon entanglement can be reduced to the two- photon entanglement and decoherence of the two-photon states does imply decoherence in photon triplets. This hypothesis can be tested by comparison of measured two- and three-photon correlation functions. There exist three-photon states maximizing the GHZ entanglement and they can be used to test quantum local realism versus quantum mechanics. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION